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« Previous SpeciesFoeniculum vulgare ssp. piperitum    Next SpeciesFoeniculum vulgare var. vulgare »

Plant Compounds of Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce , the Sweet fennel

Kingdom:  Plantae
Class:  Magnoliopsida
Order:  Apiales
Family:  Apiaceae
Genus:  Foeniculum
Author:  Miller
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Bedoukain RussellIPM

Compounds:

Lawrence  1980 
 
        alpha-phellandrene  1.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦     oil 
        alpha-pinene  3.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-anethole  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        estragole  2.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        fenchone  12.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  3.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-anisaldehyde  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-anethole  70 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Jean  1991 
 
        alpha-pinene  0.75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦     oil, hydrodiffusion 
        beta-caryophyllene  0.33 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-ocimene  1.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        fenchone  0.78 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  1.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene D  0.36 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  35.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  1.19 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-anethole  55.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Jean  1991 
 
        alpha-pinene  0.37 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦     oil, microwave 
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        fenchone  1.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  14.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-anethole  78.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Kubeczka  1982 
 
        3-carene  0.16 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦     oil 
        alpha-phellandrene  1.96 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-thujene  0.45 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-fenchene  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.26 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.59 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.16 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-anethole  0.73 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.29 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        estragole  2.28 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        fenchone  7.99 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.31 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  21.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.87 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-anisaldehyde  0.97 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.68 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-anethole  58.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Li  1989 
 
        3-carene  0.16 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   China  oil 
        alpha-phellandrene  1.96 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-thujene  0.45 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-fenchene  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.26 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.59 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.16 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-anethole  0.73 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.29 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        estragole  2.28 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        fenchone  7.99 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.31 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  21.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.87 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-anisaldehyde  0.97 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.68 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-anethole  58.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Piccaglia  1993 
 
        alpha-phellandrene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Bologna, Italy  seed 
        alpha-pinene  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-anethole  3.47 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.37 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        fenchone  2.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  4.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        menthol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        menthone  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.17 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-anethole  87.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Marotti  1992 
 
        alpha-phellandrene  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Bologna, Italy  seed 
        alpha-pinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-anethole  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-limonene oxide  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        estragole  3.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        fenchone  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        fenchyl acetate  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  3.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-anisaldehyde  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-anethole  88.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-carveol  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-limonene-1,2-oxide  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Ivanov  1988 
 
        alpha-fenchol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Russia  oil 
        alpha-pinene  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        anisic ketone  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.45 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        estragole  5.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  1.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        fenchone  1.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  8.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-anisaldehyde  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-anethole  79.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Zygadlo  1995 
 
        alpha-phellandrene  2.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Argentina  oil 
        alpha-pinene  3.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvacrol  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citral  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        estragole  5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        fenchone  1.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-anethole  70 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Akgül  1986 
 
        10Ald  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Turkey  seed 
        3-carene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        8Ald  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        9Ald  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        anisic ketone  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-anethole  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citral  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellal  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        estragole  4.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        fenchol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        fenchone  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool acetate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-anisaldehyde  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-anethole  80 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Reference(s):

Ivanov, K., Georgiev, E., Maneva, D., Popov, D., and Stamatova, V. 1988. Changes in fennel oil during storage in the presence of heavy metals. Nauchni-Tr.-Vissh. Inst. Khranit. Vkusova Prom.-st. 35:35-46.
 
Akgül, A. 1986. Studies on the essential oils from turkish fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare m. var. dulce). In: Progress in Essential Oil Research, eds. Brunke, E.J. W. de Gruyter, Berlin, Germany. 5:487-489.
 
Jean, F.I. 1991. Extraction au four micro-ondes des diverses plantes cultivees et spontanitees. Rivista Ital. EPPOS. 504-510.
 
Kubeczka, K.-H., and Formácek, V. 1982. Essential oils analysis by capillary gas chromatography and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. :219-226. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
 
Lawrence, B.M. 1980. New trends in essential oils. Perfum. Flavor. 5(4):6-17.
 
Li, C., and Wan, A. 1989. Tile study on the chemical constituents of the essential oil from Chinese Xiaohuixiang and their processed products. Chin. J. Pharm. Anal. 9(6):336-339.
 
Marotti, M., and Piccaglia, R. 1992. The influence of distillation conditions on the essential oil composition of three varieties of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. J. Essent. Oil Res. 4(6):569-576.
 
Piccaglia, R., and Marotti, M. 1993. Characterization of several aromatic plants grown in northern Italy. Flavour Fragr. J. 8(23):115-122.
 
Zygadlo, J.A., Lamarque, A.L., Maestri, D.M., and Grosso, N.R. 1995. Empleo de aceites esenciales como antioxidantes naturales. Grasas y Aceites. 46:285-288.
 
 
Citation: El-Sayed AM 2024. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
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